FAQ - Intrauterine Device (IUD)

What is an intrauterine device (IUD)?

There are currently two IUD devices available. There is a hormone-releasing device that can be used as long as 5 years and a copper non-hormonal device that can be used as long as 10 years. These two devices work in different ways.

The hormone-releasing device is called Mirena. Once positioned inside the uterus, Mirena releases a small amount of progestin. This thickens the cervical mucus and thins the lining inside the uterus; thereby preventing pregnancy. The Mirena device can be removed at any time, but should be replaced after 5 years.

The copper device is called ParaGard. Once positioned inside the uterus, ParaGard releases a small amount of copper that kills or immobilizes sperm before they can fertilize an egg. The ParaGard can be removed at any time, but should be replaced after 10 years.

How effective is the IUD?

Mirena and Para Gard have been shown to be more than 99% effective.

How is the IUD inserted?

The IUD is inserted in the office by your physician. It is best to have the IUD inserted during your menstrual period so that your cervix will be slightly open; thereby making insertion easier. The cervix will be cleaned with an antiseptic solution. Then, a thin, plastic tube containing the IUD will be inserted through the cervix and into the uterus. You may experience some discomfort and/or cramping during this process. Once your physician has verified correct placement, the tube device is taken out and the IUD stays in place. There will be a string that is connected to the IUD that your physician will cut to the proper length. Your doctor may schedule a follow-up exam in order to check the string and IUD placement.

What are the side effects of the IUD?

The most commonly reported side effect of the Mirena IUD is irregular spotting/bleeding. Nausea, breast tenderness, headaches, and cramping have also been reported. These symptoms usually subside within the first 1-3 months of use.

Side effects of ParaGard are minimal because it is non-hormonal. However, cramping is common for the first few weeks after IUD placement.

With any IUD, the most serious complications are pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), perforation of the uterus, and partial or complete expulsion of the IUD from the uterus. These problems are rare, but require medical intervention if they occur.

Is it abnormal to not have a period with the IUD?

No, it is not abnormal to not have any menstrual bleeding with the IUD in place. The IUD device keeps the lining inside the uterus very thin, so you may not have any bleeding at all. Once the IUD is removed, your lining will return to its previous state.